![]() The top 1 percent of taxpayers paid $723 billion in income taxes while the bottom 90 percent paid $450 billion. ![]() In all, the top 1 percent of taxpayers accounted for more income taxes paid than the bottom 90 percent combined. The top 1 percent earned 22.2 percent of total AGI and paid 42.3 percent of all federal income taxes. In 2020, the bottom half of taxpayers earned 10.2 percent of total AGI and paid 2.3 percent of all federal individual income taxes. High-Income Taxpayers Paid the Majority of Federal Income Taxes The top 1 percent of taxpayers (AGI of $548,336 and above) paid the highest average income tax rate of 25.99 percent-more than eight times the rate faced by the bottom half of taxpayers. For example, taxpayers with AGI between the 10th and 5th percentiles ($152,321 and $220,521) paid an average income tax rate of 13.3 percent-almost four times the rate paid by taxpayers in the bottom half. As household income increases, average income tax rates rise. The bottom half of taxpayers, or taxpayers making under $42,184, faced an average income tax rate of 3.1 percent. In 2020, taxpayers with higher incomes paid much higher average income tax rates than taxpayers with lower incomes. High-Income Taxpayers Paid the Highest Average Income Tax Rates The income dip for the bottom half of taxpayers combined with the tax credit boost unavailable to higher-income households led to lower average tax rates at the bottom and a greater share of taxes borne by households at the top, compared to a typical year. Credit amounts began phasing out at $75,000 for single filers, $112,500 for head of household filers, and $150,000 for joint filers. The second provided $600 for single filers, $1,200 for joint filers, and $600 for each qualifying child. The first round of payments provided $1,200 for single filers, $2,400 for joint filers, and $500 for each qualifying child. Two rounds of Recovery Rebates also reduced tax liability for qualifying taxpayers. As unemployment rose to record highs, lawmakers expanded unemployment benefits beginning in early 2020 and created a $10,200 income tax exclusion for the 2020 tax year, available to taxpayers with modified AGI below $150,000. Between 20, AGI dropped by 6.6 percent for the bottom half of taxpayers, while it increased by 7 percent for the top half of taxpayers. The recession caused financial hardships for many lower- and middle-income households. The pandemic-related downturn and relief programs both affect the 2020 data. Pandemic-Related Downturn and Relief Programs The result overstates the tax burden of the bottom half of taxpayers. Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, ”Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares.”īecause the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classifies the refundable part of tax credits as spending, the IRS does not include it in tax share figures. Summary of Federal Income Tax Data, Tax Year 2020 The average individual income tax rate inched up slightly from 13.29 percent in 2019 to 13.63 percent in 2020. ![]() Total income taxes paid rose by $129 billion to $1.7 trillion, an 8 percent increase above 2019. Taxpayers reported more than $12.5 trillion in AGI on 157.5 million tax returns in 2020, an increase of $650 million in AGI and 9.3 million in returns above 2019. Reported Income and Taxes Paid Increased in Tax Year 2020 The 2020 figures include pandemic-related tax items such as the non-refundable part of the first two rounds of Recovery Rebates and the $10,200 unemployment compensation exclusion.The top 50 percent of all taxpayers paid 97.7 percent of all federal individual income taxes, while the bottom 50 percent paid the remaining 2.3 percent.The top 1 percent’s income share rose from 20.1 percent in 2019 to 22.2 percent in 2020 and its share of federal income taxes paid rose from 38.8 percent to 42.3 percent.The top 1 percent of taxpayers paid a 25.99 percent average rate, more than eight times higher than the 3.1 percent average rate paid by the bottom half of taxpayers. The average income tax rate in 2020 was 13.6 percent.In 2020, taxpayers filed 157.5 million tax returns, reported earning nearly $12.5 trillion in adjusted gross income (AGI), and paid $1.7 trillion in individual income taxes.Average tax rates for all income groups remained lower in 2020, three years after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, than they were in 2017 prior to the reform. New Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data on individual income taxes for tax year 2020 shows the federal income tax system continues to be progressive as high-income taxpayers pay the highest average income tax rates.
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![]() CONTENT UPDATES MAY BE DOWNLOADED AUTOMATICALLY, REQUIRE ADDITIONAL STORAGE, AND INCUR BANDWIDTH USAGE FEES. SOME CONTENT MAY REQUIRE GAMEPLAY TO UNLOCK. YOU MAY NEED TO BE 13+ or 16+ TO REGISTER FOR AN EA ACCOUNT (AGE MAY VARY, SEE FOR DETAILS). ACCESS TO SOFTWARE CONTENT IS LIMITED TO ONE EA & ONE STEAM ACCOUNT & IS NON-TRANSFERABLE AFTER PURCHASE. YOU MUST LINK YOUR EA AND STEAM ACCOUNTS TO PLAY EA WILL SHARE YOUR ACCOUNT ID AND INDIVIDUAL GAME AND PLAY RECORDS WITH STEAM TO VALIDATE YOUR PURCHASE AND/OR REFUND REQUEST. INTERNET CONNECTION EA ACCOUNT STEAM ACCOUNT ACCEPTANCE OF EA USER AGREEMENT (terms.ea.com) & ORIGIN END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (ea.com/legal) AND DOWNLOAD & INSTALLATION OF THE ORIGIN CLIENT SOFTWARE (/download) REQUIRED TO PLAY. Other EU, United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kosovo, Macedonia (FYROM), Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Serbia, Turkey, Vatican City (Holy See), Liechtenstein only: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF EA's PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY (privacy.ea.com) REQUIRED TO PLAY.Īll other residents: ACCEPTANCE OF EA PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY (privacy.ea.com) REQUIRED TO PLAY. Germany, Austria, and Switzerland only: EA’S PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY (privacy.ea.com/de) APPLIES. Experience insane speeds, spectacular crashes, aggressive driving, and huge drifts. Test your urban handling skills - Need for Speed Most Wanted delivers a deep, physical experience that showcases the personalities of awesome licensed cars.Whatever you do, there’s someone to beat. Beat your friends - Autolog records everything you do, broadcasting a feed of your most newsworthy scores, speeds, and times to your friends - and you’ll see there’s too.Cross the finish line and turn around to take out oncoming rivals. Jostle for position on the starting line. Influence the playlist by voting with your car. Prove you’re the best - Pick a car & jump into a nonstop playlist of competitive events in online mode.Race, battle, crash, and explore at your own pace with a massive variety of things to do (and rewards to collect) throughout the open world. ![]() Experience nonstop action - No menus, no lobbies, and no restrictions - just intense competition.It’s all about you, your friends, and a wild selection of cars. Fight your way past cops and rivals using skill, high-end car tech, and tons of nitrous. Hit jumps and shortcuts, switch cars, lie low, or head for terrain that plays to your vehicle’s unique strengths. The open-world action in Need for Speed™ Most Wanted gives you the freedom to drive your way. ![]() Word Vancouver The book that changed your life: Caroline Adderson Sep 18 Marcelo Tobar’s tale of two siblings having an uneasy reunion starts out well. VIFF VIFF 2014: Asteroid underwhelms its audience Sep 18 The movie works best as a sensual and unpushy meditation on how life (like its antidote) really works. ![]() ![]() VIFF VIFF 2014: August Winds gets meditative Sep 18 The Green Party of Vancouver released its full election platform in Vancouver today (September 18). Municipal Election Vancouver Greens pledge to redefine affordable housing in election platform Sep 18 VIFF VIFF 2014: Before the Last Curtain Falls turns its lens on transgender pioneers Sep 18įilmmaker Thomas Wallner takes a timely, and artfully constructed, look back at a group of pioneers from the past. VIFF VIFF 2014: Casa Grande a smartly mounted effort Sep 18 VIFF VIFF 2014: Clownwise mines dark laughs Sep 18Ī long-dormant team of three former mimes acts out hidden (and not so buried) streams of regret and resentment as they head toward an uneasy reunion. Mental-health advocates argue that the current system for assisting the mentally ill revolves around points of crises, where programs that try and get ahead problems are few and far between. News Features Vancouver service providers fail to get ahead of a mental-health crisis Sep 18 Students are expected to be back in class for a full day of school by Tuesday if teachers ratify a tentative labour agreement, according to the chair of the Vancouver School Board. BLOGS Vancouver schools could return to full hours next Tuesday Sep 18 Invasive species of fish and mussels have been driving a deadly surge in avian botulism in the Great Lakes for the past 15 years, killing an estimated 80,000 birds. News Features Mass murder by botulism: invasive species drive bird-death surge Sep 18 Commentary So Dianne Watts is a Harper Conservative? That shouldn't come as a surprise Sep 18ĭid she already plan this move when she voted against a casino in South Surrey in 2013? VIFF VIFF 2014: The Decent One a stunningly well-crafted documentary Sep 18Īs a study in fatal compartmentalization, it should be seen by anyone with a modicum of real power. Another user said, “Kanye West (Boycott #Yeezys #Cheesys) is the DEFINITION of a POS CLOWN□ Anyone who ATTACKS TEENAGE GIRLS YEAR after Year, Directs HATE on them, Allegedly Doesn't PAY his staff, STEALS Other People's Achievements, Has to Insult Other People to make himself feel more valuable.” “bringing mac miller & ariana into this is so disrespectful my god,” the third user added. But as someone else pointed out: Steelers did not play the day before or the day of his death. One of them which was touted along on many news articles was that they were hanging out with Mac Miller enjoying the Steelers game. The first is the initial statements by some friends of his. According to the report, a combination of Fentanyl, cocaine,and alcohol was found in Millers system and said to be the causeof the rappers death. Leave Ariana and Mac Outta This,” a user tweeted. Theres three things I find peculiar about Mac Millers death. A Los Angeles man will serve nearly two decades in. Mac Miller performs an NPR Tiny Desk Concert on Aug. Meanwhile, Ye has been slammed for his recent stunts. A dealer is sentenced to 17.5 years for his role in Mac Miller's fatal overdose. Donate at (Photo by Getty Images/Dave Hogan for One Love Manchester)ĭavid also talked about her breakup with Davidson in a 2020 collection of essays, ‘No One Asked For This’ in which she takes her readers to “a singular but ultimately relatable tour through her mind, as she explores existential anxiety, family dynamics, and the utterly modern dilemma of having your breakup displayed on the Internet.” In this handout provided by 'One Love Manchester' benefit concert (L) Mac Miller and Ariana Grande perform on stage on June 4, 2017, in Manchester, England. This is one of the saddest stories in Hip Hop.On September 4, 2018, the incredibly talented hip hop artist Mac Mi. Very talented girl, she’ll be great and she’ll be fine. The sad story behind Mac Millers overdose. ![]() Mac was a hugely gifted and inspiring artist, with a pioneering spirit and a sense of. After the breakup, he had said: “We’re not together anymore. T he rapper Mac Miller has died at his home in the San Fernando Valley in California on Friday. Davidson reportedly began dating Grande soon after ending things with Cazzie David with whom he was together from May 2016 to May 2018. Reportedly, ‘The King of Staten Island’ star was in a relationship with the songwriter from May to October 2018. Though there are still no reports telling the reason behind Davidson and Grande’s breakup, the leaked intimate snaps’ is totally a hoax. Ariana discovered this this weekend from Mac’s relatives and ended the relationship.” ![]() It read, “According to TMZ, Pete Davidson sent intimate photos with Ariana to Mac Miller as a way to end the rapper’s hopes about her. Mac Miller’s Cause of Death: Accidental Fentanyl, Cocaine Overdose 26-year-old rapper's death was the result of 'mixed drug toxicity,' according to the L.A. The tweet seemed legit at the time because it quoted TMZ as its source. Pete Davidson and Ariana Grande attend the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall on August 20, 2018, in New York City. Saturday June17 at Moonlight Beach, 400 B St. The annual Switchfoot Bro-Am Beach Fest is from 7 a.m. Switchfoot Bro-Am Beach Fest set for Saturday The series is the third Thursday through September. Three half street closures will be on F Street, G Street and H Street for car clubs and musicians along South Coast Hwy 101. Thursday June 15, hosted by the Encinitas 101 MainStreet Association with classic and vintage cars and live music. Tickets are $129-$155 at /summersolstice.Įncinitas Cruise Nights runs from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. The event will feature robust bites from Del Mar Village restaurants, craft cocktails, wine and beer and live music, overlooking the ocean. Thursday, June 22 at Powerhouse Park, 1658 Coast Blvd. The 15th annual Del Mar Summer Solstice, hosted by the Del Mar Village Association, is from 5 to 8 p.m. Summer Solstice soiree overlooking the ocean Saturday, June 17 at Georgina Cole Library, 1250 Carlsbad Village Drive. The DNA Interest Group, sponsored by North San Diego Genealogical Society, will host forensic genetic genealogist Colleen Fitzpatrick for a talk on, “Forensic Genetic Genealogy: How It can be Used to Solve Cold Cases,” from 1 to 2:30 p.m. For questions, email Genetic Genealogy” topic of talk To attend virtually, access the Zoom link at. No reservation needed if attending in person at City of Carlsbad Faraday Center, 1635 Faraday Avenue. Tuesday, June 13 with a presentation on, “Let’s Talk Lineage Societies,” led remotely by Jan Quigley, who will discuss 14 societies. The “Learning from Members “ series offered by North San Diego County Genealogical Society continues from 10 to 11:30 a.m. Tickets at the door and at or (760) 727-3741. Admission is $20 $15 for seniors and free for students. The concert is at Carlsbad Community Church, 3175 Harding St. ![]() 3 “Fiesta,”The Mask of Zorro, and Tico Tico. Saturday, June 17, featuring music of Latin America including Danzòn No. ![]() The Coastal Communities Concert Band presents its South of the Border Concert, with a special guest performance by the North County Winds, 2 p.m. RSVP at Community band performs South of the Border Concert Appetizers, wine, and beer will be served. Meet members of the Foundation and learn about how to make a positive impact in Carlsbad. Thursday, June 15 at Full Swing Golf 1905 Aston Ave. Registration is required at .Ĭarlsbad Charitable Foundation puts on its annual Grants Celebration, awarding 2023-2024 nonprofit grantees that serve the community, from 5:30-7:30 p.m. The event will explore different types of pollinators in the community. Saturday June 17 for ages 8-11 at the Nature Center, 7380 Gabbiano Lane as part of National Pollinator Month. īatiquitos Lagoon is hosting a “Pollinator Party” 11 a.m. Patrick Catholic Church hosts a free food event with homemade soup and dessert from 4:30 to 6 p.m Thursday June 15 and each Thursday at the church, 3821 Adams St. ![]() One of the episodes is a replication of that in The Midnight Bell, but told from Ella's perspective. We are also introduced to Ella's mother, trapped in a loveless marriage to Ella's violent stepfather. She is torn between a possible escape from her dull routine and a potential marriage to a man she does not love. Ella, still nursing a sublimated affection for Bob, has to deal with the increasingly unwelcome (and not always comprehensible) advances of the lower-middle class Ernest Eccles, an elderly customer of the pub. The Plains of Cement is set during the events in The Midnight Bell, with Ella as the focus. Bob and Ella do not feature at all in this novel. The following morning, having spent the night in the home of one of the men, she determines not to go back to the sisters' employ. She elects to stand her erstwhile boyfriend up, gets drunk and is involved in a car accident where there is a possible fatality. She gets a new job as a housemaid to two elderly sisters, but later the same day along with her friend encounters three men in a bar. The Siege of Pleasure is the shortest of the three stories, and recounts a little over twenty-four hours in Jenny's earlier life. Eventually, Jenny loses all interest once Bob has spent all his savings on her. In one of the most autobiographical narratives Hamilton ever wrote, Bob squanders his life savings on Jenny, whose lack of interest in Bob (beyond his money) is painfully evident to all but Bob. Ella, the barmaid at the pub, is secretly in love with Bob. The Midnight Bell tells the story of Bob, a sailor turned bar waiter who becomes infatuated with Jenny, a prostitute who visits the pub. The trilogy was published in paperback by Vintage in 2004 ( ISBN 0-09-947916-8). The books are also notable for their portrayal of working class London in the inter-war period. The first book in particular contains autobiographical elements-Hamilton worked in London pubs before becoming a successful writer, was infatuated with a prostitute at that time, and eventually died of liver failure caused by alcoholism. They focus on three of the people who populate The Midnight Bell pub in London the stories interconnect. ![]() The three books are The Midnight Bell (1929), The Siege of Pleasure (1932) and The Plains of Cement (1934). 20,000 Streets Under the Sky is a trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels by Patrick Hamilton. ![]() It manages to not be overbearing whilst still keeping all the info you might need on screen. The aim here was to make the HUD as unobtrusive and simple as possible whilst giving it a darker, more horror-flavored edge. The most impressive part of the HUD is the new in-game HUD. This mod overhauls 3 major parts of the game’s entire UI. Well the incredibly popular SMX mod has this covered. ![]() So 7 Days to Die is both a horror and a survival game. But some users don’t feel the developers have got the tone quite right yet and that the game’s UI reflects this. All you can do is scroll through posts until you find a 7dtd mod you like the look of. This is probably the worst way to find 7 Days to Die mods. 7daystodie forumįinally, we have the official forum. Half the time you just have to look at the last time the mod was updated to know if it still works or not. On Nexus, you have to read individual 7dtd mod descriptions to work out if the 7dtd mod will work. The site has a tab for both A18 mods and 7 Days to Die Alpha 19 mods, which is great. However, it does a much better job of making it clear which mods work on which versions of the game. The site UI also isn’t as easy to navigate. It’s not as easy to use and doesn’t have quite as many options as Nexusmods. 7daystodiemodsħdaystodiemods is also a good place to find mods. This makes it way easier to find the best 7 days to die mods. You can even search by how popular 7 days to die mod is which is great. It has a sizable collection of Seven Days to Die mods and curates them into different categories. If you’ve downloaded mods for other games you’re probably familiar with it. The three main options when downloading 7 days to die mods are Nexusmods, 7daystodiemods, and the official 7daystodie forum. Anyone old enough to remember the GTA V crazy planes controversy is aware that mods can contain malware. Well, you need to be careful when you look for mods. So where can you find even more 7 Days to Die mods? But this is just a shortlist of the literally hundreds of 7daystodiemods available. Lots of sites just presume that you know where to find 7 Days to Die mods or will just provide links to 7D2D mods (like I’ve done below). We’ve compiled the best 7 Days to Die mods to be found so you can perfect your gaming experience whilst we wait for Alpha 20. This means 7 Days to Die has developed a very healthy modding community that supports the game in between alpha phases. However, it can feel like there are long waiting times between updates, and said updates don’t always address everything the fanbase wants them to. It is currently in alpha 19, with alpha 20 hopefully just around the corner. Although this is probably one of the reasons the game is STILL in alpha. The game even survived the shuttering of its publisher, Telltale games. The game features all the usual elements of a survival game, based building, survival meters, etc, and throws in several different varieties of zombies.ĭespite its endless Alpha phase, 7 Days to Die has seen a lot of popularity. Deservedly so! If somehow you haven’t heard of it, 7 days to die is yet another survival game. The hook here is you must survive increasingly difficult zombie hordes that appear, you guessed it, every 7 days. It’s even harder to believe that it’s somehow still in the Alpha stage after nearly 8 years. It’s hard to believe that 7 Days to Die has been around for nearly 8 years. ![]() It offers 2speed settings so you can switch the rhythm of bouncing whenever you like.This InGenuity SmartBounce automatic bouncer mimics your natural motions to help soothe your baby while allowing you some handsfree moments throughout ingenuity automatic bouncer manual This automatic cradle bounces gently to mimic the mom's movement. Keep your newborn safe and comfy with the Ingenuity SmartBounce Automatic Bouncer. The Ingenuity SmartBounce Automatic Bouncer Ridgedale is a bouncer so smart it actually adds a few extra handsfree .The SmartBounce Automatic Bouncer offers 30 minutes of continuous automatic bouncing designed to move naturally just like mom. With 2 speeds to choose from, you can choose the bounce speed that baby prefers most.With 30 minutes of automatic bouncing that mimics natural motions, Ingenuity's Townsend SmartBounce Bouncer leaves you free to get other stuff done.Designed with parenthood in mind. The SmartBounce Automatic Bouncer from Ingenuity bounces all by itself, mimicking mom's natural motion for up to 30 minutes of uninterrupted bouncing. ![]() Ingenuity automatic bouncer ingenuity automatic bouncer These value packs of 10 batteries are available in re-closeable and 100% recyclable packaging + – a perfect solution for professionals. ![]() Never run out of power thanks to our large battery packs. The Ultimate Lithium™ AAA is the Worlds Longest Lasting battery*. Works in extreme temperatures from -40✬ to 60✬Įnergizer ® Ultimate Lithium™ AAA Batteries.Holds power for up to 20 years in storage.Weighs 33% less than a standard alkaline battery.And, if you work outdoors or in environment where the temperature may vary, these batteries operate in temperatures ranging from -40✬ to 60✬.Īll that lithium performance comes in a heavy-duty AA battery that weighs 33% less than a standard alkaline, making them ideal for portable devices. Based on standard use, they’re 100% leak proof to protect your work site devices. Wherever you work whether it’s a construction site, facility maintenance, medical centre, business office or classroom: no professional portfolio last longer^, these AA batteries keep your electronics ready for the job. ![]() ![]() The Ultimate Lithium™ AA is the Worlds Longest Lasting battery*. Energizer ® Ultimate Lithium™ AA Batteries ![]() She borrowed money and made the 4,000 mile trek to Crimea in order to help the wounded and injured soldiers from the Crimean War all on her own. In fact, she applied to join the same nursing group that Nightingale was a part of in Britain, but her application was denied, more than likely because of the color of her skin. It’s safe to say that Seacole is the unsung hero of 19 th century nursing as a result of her racial heritage: her father was Scottish but her mother was Jamaican. While many give plenty of credit to Florence Nightingale for successfully changing the medical care that was provided in the 19 th century throughout Britain, another very important name to be associated with these changes is Mary Seacole. Mary Seacole Mary Seacole statue, St Thomas’ Hospital Today, you’ll find Fairchild’s name in the Women in Military Service for America Memorial. It is said that the chloroform used as anesthesia caused hepatic complications. She underwent surgery in January 1918 but fell into a coma and died five days later. She had been a long-time sufferer of abdominal pain, but the condition had gotten worse during the war (possibly as a result of a combination of her stressful working conditions and exposure to mustard gas). She was sent to a location in Passchendaele, France along with 63 other nurses, where she cared for 2,000 wounded soldiers while under fire.īy December of the same year, Fairchild’s health was slowly deteriorating. A few years later in 1917, WWI began and Fairchild joined the American Expeditionary Force. She was born in Pennsylvania and graduated as a nurse from Pennsylvania Hospital in 1913. Helen Fairchild nursed thousands of wounded soldiers during her very brief career. Later on, over 12 million acres of Federal land was set aside for asylums, thanks to Dix’s work. As a result, the North Carolina State Medical Society began in 1848 and the Dorothea Dix Hospital opened in Raleigh in 1856. She then began to provide this information to legislators in hope of getting the approval to build asylums. Dix travelled up and down the coast from Massachusetts to Louisiana and back, collecting information regarding the treatment of those deemed to be insane. She pointed out the very harsh treatment of these people, who were often locked up and beaten, as their conditions were not understood properly. in 1840 she immediately began lobbying for better treatment of the mentally ill. Eventually she would return back home to Boston with a plethora of new ideas. Here she encountered plenty of people who were highly supportive of being actively involved with social welfare. After another decline in her health (it is now thought she had tuberculosis), Dix travelled to England to recuperate. When her health improved she set up a girl’s school. ![]() In her younger years she spent a lot of her time teaching neglected and poor children but over time her health began to fail so she focused on writing children’s books. However, Dix fought for years before her ideas were even considered by the government. She is credited for opening the first mental asylum within the U.S. While most of the other nurses on this list helped those wounded in battle, Dix was able to take nursing to an entirely new realm. In fact, it has been translated into more than 20 languages. ![]() In 1960, she published a book entitled Principles of Nursing Care which is still widely used today all around the world. Not only did Henderson truly define nursing, she also taught at the Yale School of Nursing, empowering future nurses. She explained that when a person can fully do all of these things, they no longer need the assistance of a nurse. Henderson was also able to create a list of criteria that she believed were part of basic nursing care, including: dressing, sleeping, breathing, eating and drinking, maintaining a normal body temperature, and many other things. Henderson was able to successfully make the distinction between medicine and the job of a nurse, stating that a nurse is to assist anyone, no matter the condition of their health, in order to help that person gain strength, knowledge, and will. During this time she came up with a solid definition of her vocation, describing nursing as “assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.” () Well known as the “first lady of nursing,” Virginia Avenel Henderson graduated from the Army School of Nursing in 1921, during WWI. |
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