![]() She borrowed money and made the 4,000 mile trek to Crimea in order to help the wounded and injured soldiers from the Crimean War all on her own. In fact, she applied to join the same nursing group that Nightingale was a part of in Britain, but her application was denied, more than likely because of the color of her skin. It’s safe to say that Seacole is the unsung hero of 19 th century nursing as a result of her racial heritage: her father was Scottish but her mother was Jamaican. While many give plenty of credit to Florence Nightingale for successfully changing the medical care that was provided in the 19 th century throughout Britain, another very important name to be associated with these changes is Mary Seacole. Mary Seacole Mary Seacole statue, St Thomas’ Hospital Today, you’ll find Fairchild’s name in the Women in Military Service for America Memorial. It is said that the chloroform used as anesthesia caused hepatic complications. She underwent surgery in January 1918 but fell into a coma and died five days later. She had been a long-time sufferer of abdominal pain, but the condition had gotten worse during the war (possibly as a result of a combination of her stressful working conditions and exposure to mustard gas). She was sent to a location in Passchendaele, France along with 63 other nurses, where she cared for 2,000 wounded soldiers while under fire.īy December of the same year, Fairchild’s health was slowly deteriorating. A few years later in 1917, WWI began and Fairchild joined the American Expeditionary Force. She was born in Pennsylvania and graduated as a nurse from Pennsylvania Hospital in 1913. Helen Fairchild nursed thousands of wounded soldiers during her very brief career. Later on, over 12 million acres of Federal land was set aside for asylums, thanks to Dix’s work. As a result, the North Carolina State Medical Society began in 1848 and the Dorothea Dix Hospital opened in Raleigh in 1856. She then began to provide this information to legislators in hope of getting the approval to build asylums. Dix travelled up and down the coast from Massachusetts to Louisiana and back, collecting information regarding the treatment of those deemed to be insane. She pointed out the very harsh treatment of these people, who were often locked up and beaten, as their conditions were not understood properly. in 1840 she immediately began lobbying for better treatment of the mentally ill. Eventually she would return back home to Boston with a plethora of new ideas. Here she encountered plenty of people who were highly supportive of being actively involved with social welfare. After another decline in her health (it is now thought she had tuberculosis), Dix travelled to England to recuperate. When her health improved she set up a girl’s school. ![]() In her younger years she spent a lot of her time teaching neglected and poor children but over time her health began to fail so she focused on writing children’s books. However, Dix fought for years before her ideas were even considered by the government. She is credited for opening the first mental asylum within the U.S. While most of the other nurses on this list helped those wounded in battle, Dix was able to take nursing to an entirely new realm. In fact, it has been translated into more than 20 languages. ![]() In 1960, she published a book entitled Principles of Nursing Care which is still widely used today all around the world. Not only did Henderson truly define nursing, she also taught at the Yale School of Nursing, empowering future nurses. She explained that when a person can fully do all of these things, they no longer need the assistance of a nurse. Henderson was also able to create a list of criteria that she believed were part of basic nursing care, including: dressing, sleeping, breathing, eating and drinking, maintaining a normal body temperature, and many other things. Henderson was able to successfully make the distinction between medicine and the job of a nurse, stating that a nurse is to assist anyone, no matter the condition of their health, in order to help that person gain strength, knowledge, and will. During this time she came up with a solid definition of her vocation, describing nursing as “assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.” () Well known as the “first lady of nursing,” Virginia Avenel Henderson graduated from the Army School of Nursing in 1921, during WWI.
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